Understanding Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Most of us have encountered the word “narcissist” in everyday conversations, but what does it really mean? Narcissism exists on a spectrum—from a healthy sense of confidence to more extreme patterns that can cause harm. At its most severe, it may develop into Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), a diagnosable mental health condition.
As a therapist, I believe understanding narcissism can help us protect our own well-being, set boundaries, and support healthier relationships.
What Is NPD?
Narcissistic Personality Disorder involves persistent patterns of:
Inflated self-importance
Intense need for admiration
Lack of empathy
Arrogant or manipulative behavior
While traits of narcissism can show up in anyone from time to time, NPD is more rigid and disruptive—affecting relationships, work, and emotional health.
Types of Narcissism
Narcissism can show up in different ways:
Grandiose (Overt) Narcissism: Often outgoing, confident, and attention-seeking. May become aggressive when criticized.
Vulnerable (Covert) Narcissism: More hidden, marked by insecurity, defensiveness, and quiet entitlement.
Common Signs to Look For
A strong sense of entitlement
Constant need for praise or validation
Difficulty handling criticism
Fantasies of success or power
Emotional immaturity or lack of empathy
Manipulative or controlling behavior
How NPD Impacts Relationships
Narcissists often make charming first impressions, but over time, patterns may emerge:
Increasing criticism or devaluing of their partner
Emotional neglect or lack of empathy
Gaslighting or manipulation to maintain control
These dynamics can leave partners feeling isolated, confused, or questioning their own reality.
Causes of NPD
Research suggests that narcissism develops from a combination of factors:
Genetics
Brain chemistry
Family environment, including inconsistent praise or criticism
No single cause explains NPD—it’s usually a mix of biology and life experiences.
Treatment Options
Talk therapy is the most effective treatment. Therapy can help individuals with narcissistic traits:
Build empathy and compassion
Challenge rigid thought patterns
Develop healthier ways of relating to others
However, many with NPD struggle to seek help, often because it feels like admitting weakness.
If You’re Asking, “Am I a Narcissist?”
Having self-awareness enough to ask this question is actually a healthy sign. Still, if narcissistic behaviors are affecting your relationships, working with a licensed therapist can provide clarity and support.
Leaving a Narcissistic Relationship
If you’re considering leaving a relationship with a narcissist:
Set clear boundaries
Seek individual therapy or supportive counseling
Avoid couples therapy if the relationship is abusive
Reach out for help—if you’re experiencing harm, call the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-SAFE (7233)
Final Thoughts
Understanding narcissism doesn’t mean labeling people—it means learning how to protect yourself and foster healthier connections.
If you’re struggling with the effects of narcissism—whether in yourself or in a relationship—I offer a safe, supportive space to explore these concerns. Together, we can work toward clarity, healing, and healthier relationships.
👉 Contact me today to schedule a confidential consultation.
-Christine Fuchs-Gosselin, MSW, LCSW
